Methods of forming geographical culture among schoolchildren: Research approaches and practical examples

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of forming the geographical culture of schoolchildren in Uzbekistan, which is relevant in the context of globalization and the complexity of socio-economic and environmental processes. The novelty of the research lies in the development and testing of an author's model that combines traditional and digital teaching methods. The main goal of the research is to study the methods that contribute to the formation of geographical culture and to present successful practical examples. The study used pedagogical observations, questionnaires, testing, pedagogical experiments, and cartographic analysis using interactive maps and geoinformation systems. The model includes three consecutive stages: diagnostics of the level of knowledge, active formation of new knowledge using project and cartographic methods, and evaluation and correction of the results. The results of the experiment showed that participation in project activities and the use of multimedia technologies significantly improve students' spatial analysis and critical thinking skills, as well as increase their motivation to study geography. The findings confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methodology, which ensures the development of geographical culture through the integration of traditional and modern approaches. Further research prospects involve adapting this model to various educational contexts and conditions.